中国银矿的资源特征及成矿规律概要   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张大权  江彪  王登红  王成辉  陈毓川  白鸽 《地质学报》2015,89(6):1008-1025

中国银矿资源丰富,成矿地质条件优越,主要以共伴生为主,近年来独立银矿找矿也取得一些进展。本文系统搜集了国内外银矿数量与规模、储量和分布等内容,梳理了中国银矿资源分布及储量分布规律,总结了中国银矿资源特点。在对全国490处银矿矿产地资料系统梳理的基础上,深入总结了中国银矿的成矿规律,划分了海相火山沉积型、陆相火山次火山岩型、矽卡岩型、热液型(脉型和层控型)、沉积变质型、沉积型和新生风化淋积型等7个银矿预测类型,其中前4个应该作为重点预测类型,并划分出32个成银带,编制了"中国成银带分布图",为中国银矿资源潜力评价和勘查部署提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

菲律宾海北部四国海盆全新世沉积物源分析     

韩卓尘  高抒  李艳平 《海洋学报》2015,37(2):11-24

对IODP333航次四国海盆北部地区C0011站位表层样品进行粒度和Sr-Nd同位素分析,并与前人发表的邻近海域同位素数据进行比较。经分离自生碳酸盐组分,四国海盆全新世沉积物呈现较好的陆源、火山源二端元组分特征。从地理位置看,四国海盆北部主要物质来源包括伊豆-小笠原海脊火山物质、日本列岛西南部的混合型沉积物以及由西向风或河流入海洋流输送而来的亚洲陆地沉积物,且日本列岛西南部对于该区域物质贡献最大。对四国海盆北部而言,与海盆中部沉积及日本海沉积相比,源自亚洲大陆的碎屑沉积物具有更多的贡献。沉积物中87Sr/86Sr与εNd、平均粒径的负相关关系反映了沉积物中陆源物质的相对贡献按时间顺序呈现增加、减小、增加、减少的多周期变化趋势。  相似文献   

Application of stress mapping in cross‐section to understanding ore geometry,predicting ore zones and development of drilling strategies     

J. L. Mair  V. J. Ojala  B. P. Salier  D. I. Groves  S. M. Brown 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5):895-912

Stress mapping is a numerical modelling technique used to determine the distribution and relative magnitude of stress during deformation in a mineralised terrane. It is based on the general principle that fluid flow in the Earth's crust is primarily related to pressure gradients. It is best applied to epigenetic hydrothermal mineral deposits, where fluid flow and fluid flux are enhanced in dilational sections of structures and in sites of enhanced rock permeability due to high fracture density. These are defined by sites of low minimum principal stress (σ₃). Most stress mapping is carried out in two dimensions in plan view using geological maps. This is suitable for terranes with steeply dipping lithostratigraphy and structures in which the distribution of mineral deposits is largely controlled by fault structures portrayed on the maps. However, for terranes with gently dipping sequences and structures, and for situations where deposits are sited in and near the hinges of complex fold structures, stress mapping in cross‐section is preferable. The effectiveness of stress mapping is maximised if mineralisation was late in the evolutionary history of the host terrane, and hence the structural geometry of the terrane and contained deposits were essentially that expressed today. The orientation of syn‐mineralisation far‐field stresses must also be inferred. Two examples of orogenic gold deposits, which meet the above criteria, are used to illustrate the potential of stress mapping in cross‐section. Sunrise Dam, located in the Archaean Yilgarn Craton, is a lode‐gold deposit sited in a thrust‐fold belt. Stress mapping illustrates the heterogeneity of stress distribution in the complex structural geometry of the deposit, and predicts the preferential siting of ore zones around the intersections of more steeply dipping, linking thrusts and banded iron‐formation units, and below the controlling more gently dipping basal thrust, the Sunrise Shear. The Howley Anticline in the Pine Creek block hosts several Palaeoproterozoic gold deposits, sited in complex anticlinal structures in greywacke sequences. Stress mapping indicates that gold ores should develop in the hinge zones of symmetrical anticlines, in the hinge zones and more steeply dipping to overturned limbs of asymmetric anticlines, and in and around thrusts in both anticlines and parasitic synclines. The strong correlation between the predictions of the stress mapping, based on the distribution of low σ₃, and the location of gold ores emphasises the potential of stress mapping in cross‐section, not only as an exploration tool for the discovery of additional resources or deposits, but also as a test of geological models. Knowledge of the potential siting of gold ores and their probable orientations also provides a guide to drilling strategies in both mine‐ and regional‐scale exploration.  相似文献   

Copper‐gold mineralisation in New Guinea: Numerical modelling of collision,fluid flow and intrusion‐related hydrothermal systems     

P. A. Gow  P. Upton  C. Zhao  K. C. Hill 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):753-771

Two‐ and three‐dimensional numerical modelling techniques, constrained by key geodynamic data, provide insights into the controls on development of porphyry‐related Cu–Au mineralisation in the Tertiary collision zone of New Guinea. Modelling shows that the creation of local dilation to facilitate magma emplacement can be caused by reactivation of arc‐normal transfer faults, where they cut the weakened fold belt. Additionally, dilation occurs where fluid overpressuring is caused by collision‐related, south‐directed fluid flow being localised into the more permeable units of the Mesozoic passive‐margin sedimentary succession. Rapid uplift and erosion, which may be a mechanism for magmatic fluid release in these systems, is shown to be greatest in the west of West Papua, where the stronger Australian crust acts as a buttress. Within the Papuan Fold Belt, uplift is greatest near the margins, where the weaker fold belt abuts the stronger crust and/or major faults have been reactivated. Increased orographically induced precipitation and erosion exposes the lower parts of the stratigraphy within or on the margins of these uplifted zones. On a smaller scale, 2–D coupled fluid‐flow ‐ thermal‐chemical modelling uses a scenario of fluid mixing to calculate metal precipitation distribution and magnitude around an individual intrusive complex. Modelling highlights the interdependence of the spatial permeability structure, the regional temperature gradient, and the geometry of the convection cells and how this impacts on the distribution of metal precipitation.  相似文献   

Developing the tools for geological shape analysis,with regional‐ to local‐scale examples from the Kalgoorlie Terrane of Western Australia     

S. J. Gardoll  D. I. Groves  C. M. Knox-Robinson  G. Y. Yun  N. Elliott 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5):943-953

Geological map data are often underused in mineral‐exploration programs, which rely increasingly on regolith geochemistry and geophysical and other remotely sensed data to generate exploration targets. However, solid geology maps, which are progressively being upgraded due to improved interpretations of superior, remotely sensed images and airborne geophysical data, can be useful in targeting specific types of mineral deposits, which formed late in the evolutionary history of the host terrane. In such terranes, the present map geometry is essentially the same as that at the time of deposit formation. This is the case for orogenic lode‐gold deposits, which commonly show predictable structural controls and/or structural geometry. Thus, the shape of a rock body, or combinations of structures and rock bodies, may provide an important guide to the exploration potential for orogenic lode‐gold deposits. However, until recently, there has been a dearth of techniques to quantify the various properties of shape, and hence test the potential of the two‐dimensional shape of geological bodies in map view as an exploration tool. Integrating techniques from the field of pattern recognition with a modern Geographical Information System (GIS) can provide the shape‐analysis tools required to investigate the geometries of geological shapes. Two‐dimensional shape analysis is now possible through the calculation of several shape metrics including, but not restricted to, aspect ratio, blockiness, elongation, compactness, complexity, roundness, spreadness and squareness. Methods are developed for describing the geometries of rock units about mineral deposits, or any geological features, at any scale, which for the first time makes it possible to compare shapes. These shape‐analysis techniques are tested using orogenic lode‐gold deposits, particularly those in the Kalgoorlie Terrane of the highly auriferous Late Archaean Norseman‐Wiluna Belt of Western Australia. On a global scale, shape analysis indicates that those greenstone belts whose volcanic rock sequences have high elongation and relative low roundness, complexity and aspect ratio (e.g. Kalgoorlie Terrane) are likely to be the most richly endowed in gold. On a more local scale, characteristics of the shape of geological features around the Golden Mile deposit are calculated and used to test the likelihood of occurrence of gold deposits with similar geometry elsewhere in the Kalgoorlie Terrane. The area with the most closely matching shape, on the basis of a 2 km clipping‐circle radius, chosen on the basis of available proximity‐analysis data, corresponds to the recently discovered Ghost Crab deposit, illustrating the potential of the shape analysis methodology in mineral exploration. Shape analysis is, at least in part, scale dependent, due to the inherent problem of being able to define rock boundaries more precisely in units that have strong geophysical signatures than those with weak signatures in poorly exposed terranes. Overcoming this problem is a challenge to the application of this methodology.  相似文献   

Eemian and Early Weichselian environments in southern Sweden: a multi‐proxy study of till‐covered organic deposits from the Småland peneplain     

GEOFFREY LEMDAHL  ANNA BROSTRÖM  LARS HEDENÄS  KRISTINA ARVIDSSON  SOFIA HOLMGREN  MARIE‐JOSÉ GAILLARD  PER MÖLLER 《第四纪科学杂志》2013,28(7):705-719

  相似文献   

活化断层对加拿大阿萨巴斯卡盆地不整合型铀矿的控制     

李增华  池国祥  邓腾  许德如 《大地构造与成矿学》2019,43(3):518-527

先存断层的活化对许多热液矿床的形成起到至关重要的作用。加拿大阿萨巴斯卡盆地的不整合型铀矿是一个受活化断层控制矿床的典型例子。该铀矿产于基底与盆地砂岩之间的不整合面附近,并与根植于基底的断层密切相关。这些控矿基底断层切穿并错动了盆地的不整合面。一系列证据表明这些基底断层以韧性的方式形成于盆地之前,但在盆地形成之后又发生脆性活化,而正是这种断层活化作用控制铀矿的产出。先存断层作为完整岩石中的薄弱位置,在后期构造运动中,其活化比产生新断层更容易发生。数值模拟表明在后期挤压构造运动中,有先存基底断层的不整合面被显著错动,而无先存断层的不整合面并没有错动。基底断层的脆性活化,不仅在活化过程中为流体提供了驱动力,而且由于活化导致岩石渗透率的提高,为后期的流体流动提供了通道以及容矿场所,形成阿萨巴斯卡盆地的不整合型铀矿。  相似文献   

关于建立斑岩型铜矿床勘查标识体系的初步探讨     

李莎莎  陈华勇  汪礼明 《大地构造与成矿学》2019,43(5):991-1009

斑岩型铜矿床勘查标识体系,是建立在全球超大型.大型斑岩型铜矿床丰富研究成果和勘查经验基础上,凝炼不同矿床之间的共性和差异性来作为斑岩型铜矿床普适性标志和区分标准,探寻矿床特征与勘查方法之间的内在联系,最大程度结合科研成果,优选科学的勘查方案并给出评价依据,构建以地质事实→成矿机制研究→勘查方法应用“三位一体”的勘查标识体系。该体系架构分为矿床地质、矿床成因机制和勘查方法三个部分。建立斑岩型铜矿床勘查标识体系将有利于增进对斑岩型铜矿床的有效勘查。本文以特提斯.喜马拉雅成矿域的西藏驱龙斑岩型铜.钼矿床、环太平洋东段成矿域的智利ElTeniente斑岩型铜.钼矿床和中亚成矿域东部的蒙古OyuTolgoi斑岩型铜.金矿床三个超大型斑岩型铜矿床为例,重点对比勘查标识体系中矿床地质和致矿岩体地球化学特征,归纳提炼不同矿床之间的共性和差异,对构建斑岩型铜矿(床)勘查标识体系进行初步探讨。研究结果显示:产于不同构造环境下的三个斑岩型铜矿床中均发育钾化带、青磐岩化带和绢英岩化带;铜矿化在钾化带和绢英岩化带中均有发育,钼矿化更倾向于在含水蚀变如绢云母化带、石英.绢云母蚀变部位,金矿化赋存于钾化带发育部位;矿化中心向矿区外围硫化物具有斑铜矿→黄铜矿(+斑铜矿)→黄铁矿的分布规律,铜矿化和钼矿化相叠加,但高品位的铜钼矿体相分离。驱龙矿床未发育ElTeniente矿床和OyuTolgoi矿床共有的(高级)泥化蚀变,可能与其形成环境或剥蚀有关。在地球化学数据收集中,为了确保数据分析的有效性提出筛选方法和程序。岩石地化数据结果显示:致矿斑岩体主要由30%~50%斜长石斑晶和60%左右基质(石英、钾长石)组成,均为高钾钙碱性、过铝质、埃达克质岩石,具有相似的右倾型稀土元素配分模式;但是致矿岩体的硅碱成分、稀土元素配分模式、Sr-Nd同位素表现出与产出环境一致的变化规律,Sr/Y-Y图解显示ElTeniente矿床较驱龙矿床和OyuTolgoi矿床的致矿岩体表现出更典型埃达克岩特征。总之,斑岩型铜矿勘查标识体系的提出和以三个矿床为例的初步探讨为下一步构建该勘查体系奠定了一定的基础。  相似文献   

西昆仑甜水海地区铅锌矿成矿特征及找矿进展     

范廷宾  晋红展  余元军 《江苏地质》2019,43(2):184-197

新疆和田火烧云铅锌矿的发现,标志着我国铅锌找矿在西昆仑甜水海地区取得了重大突破,区内目前已发现铅锌矿床（点）29处,其中铅锌矿中型矿床7个、大型矿床2个、超大型矿床1个。通过收集整理区内最新的矿产地质勘查成果资料,对该区带内铅锌矿的成矿特征、找矿前景进行系统分析与总结,将区内铅锌矿床划分为密西西比河谷型(MVT)和沉积喷流型(SEDEX) 2个大类和4个具体类型,认为它们的成矿过程分别与区域大地构造演化、区域断裂活动及同沉积断层-喷流沉积活动密切相关,在矿体形态、矿石矿物、矿石结构构造等矿化特征及成矿模式方面均有明显差异。火烧云式是受中侏罗统龙山组上段灰岩-白云岩沉积层位控制的沉积喷流型铅锌矿,化石山式是受中侏罗统龙山组铁锰质沉积层位控制的沉积喷流型铅锌矿,多宝山式是受断裂构造控制的碳酸盐岩建造中的MVT型铅锌矿,元宝岭式是受北东向左行张扭性断裂控制的碎屑岩建造中的MVT型铅锌矿。  相似文献   

Evolution of the ductile shear zone of the Paishanlou gold deposits,western Liaoning,China     

NI JinLong  LIU JunLai  TANG XiaoLing  ZHAO ChunQiang & ZENG QingDong 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(4):600-613

The combination of field surveys with analysis of microstructure of tectonite and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) on quartz fabric indicated that three periods of ductile shear events developed in the Paishanlou gold deposits and the E-W and NE-striking ductile shear zones were formed during each event. The E-W-striking ductile shear zone, accompanied by compressional and dextral shear slip, was shear-cut by the NE-striking shear zones, accompanied by compressional-sinistral shear slip and sinistral-normal shear slip, successively. An E-W-striking ductile shear zone developed at a deeper tectonic level and at middle- to high-temperatures, accompanied by abundant microstructures, including microlayering between a polycrystal quartz belt and mica, and quartz deformation was depended on cylinder (10-10) 〈a〉 or 〈c〉 glide. The development of an E-W-striking shear zone can be seen as a tectonic pattern in the region of the Paishanlou gold deposits of the collision between the Mongolian tectonic belt and the North Archean Craton from Suolun to the Linxi suture zone during the Indosinian. The NE-striking ductile shear zone developed approximately 160 Ma during the early Yianshanian at middle to shallow tectonic levels and at middle- to low-temperatures, accompanied by typical microstructures, including polycrystal quartz aggregation and quartz subgrain rotation recrystallization, etc., and quartz deformation was depended on prismatic (1011) 〈a〉 glide. The last ductile shear event around the NE-striking shear zone developed at low temperatures and shallow tectonic levels, yielding to a pre-existing NE-striking shear zone, accompanied by abundant microstructures, including low-temperature quartz grain boundary migration and bulging recrystallization. The last ductile shear movement may be related to lithosphere thinning and the destruction of the North China Craton from approximately 130-120 Ma, and this shear event resulted directly in the mineralization in the Paishanlou region.  相似文献